Word: tumors
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Rosenberg's strategy, devised with the help of Anderson, is to extract immune cells called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from the tumors of melanoma patients. Rosenberg bathes the TILs in a solution of interleukin-2, a natural substance that invigorates them, and then exposes the TILs to re- engineered mouse leukemia retroviruses...
...family" characteristics. For example, brain cells that turn cancerous might share qualities with other brain cancers but differ dramatically from colon cancers or leukemias. To look for common weaknesses among different types of cancer, the automation process tests chemical compounds directly against a range of 60 lines of living tumor cells grown in Petri dishes and representing seven leading cancer killers: colon, lung, melanoma, kidney, ovarian, brain and blood...
...taxi to transport a desired gene into the nucleus of human blood cells. In one experiment, a team led by Dr. Steven Rosenberg proposes to treat malignant melanoma, a form of skin cancer, with blood cells that have been genetically altered to transform them into tiny factories for a tumor-killing protein...
Unlike other cancers, basal-cell carcinomas rarely metastasize, or migrate to form tumors in other parts of the body. For that reason, many people regard these carcinomas lightly and unwisely put off corrective surgery. Doctors excising basal tumors that have gone too long without treatment must often remove large chunks of their patients' noses or ears, which then must be reconstructed surgically. Worse consequences can occur. "I've heard of only a few deaths due to basal-cell carcinomas," says Dr. Lamberg. "But if an unattended tumor on the head grew into the brain, for example, it could cause considerable...
...more advanced technique proposed by Rosenberg involves a human gene that orders production of a tumor-killing chemical. This gene would be inserted into an extracted immune cell called a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte. Injected back into the body, the engineered TIL cells would specifically seek out and destroy melanoma cells...