Word: tumors
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...Island, N.Y., reported that they could induce cancer in normal rat cells only by inserting at least two types of oncogenes into the cells. "A single oncogene produced some changes, but not cancer," explained Molecular Biologist Robert Weinberg of M.I.T. "It took two genes acting cooperatively to produce a tumor. In other cases, it might take three or more...
...British team confirmed the multi-step cancer scenario by showing that a particular oncogene caused a tumor in hamster cells only if they had first been exposed to a carcinogenic chemical. The chemical alone and the oncogene alone did not cause cancer; both were necessary. While the discovery has no immediate implication for treatment of cancer, it helps explain why the disease develops slowly and why its incidence rises with age. "Even if one part of the process occurs," says Weinberg, "you might not have the second step for another 20 years...
...admitted to a hospital know enough to bring their own chopsticks, towels and soap and not to expect amenities. Example: a woman recently checked into a large, state-run hospital in Tokyo to have a thyroid tumor removed. She was able to get a semiprivate room. The sheets were changed only once a week and the bath and toilet were down the hall. Her sharpest recollection: "I hated to go to the bathroom. Scores of cockroaches were clustered there at night." Still, she said, "the care was excellent...
...examine the brain after death. Thus, the diagnosis must be approximated by a careful process of elimination. Through CAT scanning and other tests, the physician gradually determines that the patient has not suffered a series of small strokes, does not have Parkinson's disease, a brain tumor, depression, an adverse drug reaction or any other possible cause of dementia. If all tests are negative, AD is diagnosed by default. This conclusion may be further verified with psychological tests...
Optimism about AIDS is bolstered by new weapons being added to the medical arsenal. Interferon holds the promise of retarding the growth of cancerous cells. Potentially as powerful is a process that creates new cells called hybridomas. Cells that build antibodies against specific diseases are fused with tumor cells to make hybrids, which have the durability of tumors and the power to create antibodies. These cells may eventually be used to develop vaccines that will protect humans against new diseases and can help the body fight certain cancers...