Word: tunnel
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They could hardly have picked a more provocative one than al-Askari. It is associated with three venerated Shi'ite imams, including the Mahdi, or Hidden Imam, who is believed to have disappeared in 878 into a tunnel directly under al-Askari. The two imams buried in the shrine were the Mahdi's father and grandfather. Most Shi'ites believe that the Mahdi will one day reappear as a messiah to bring justice to the world. That makes al-Askari one of Shi'ite Islam's holiest sites, exceeded in veneration only by the shrines of Najaf and Karbala. Even...
Like ACT, cognitive therapy shares a personality with its co-founder. Beck's biographer, Brown psychologist Marjorie Weishaar, writes that in his younger years, Beck had public-speaking anxiety and a phobia about tunnels. He solved both problems by correcting misimpressions he had developed: "One day, approaching the Holland Tunnel, he realized that he was interpreting the tightness in his chest as a sign he was suffocating," Weishaar writes. He wasn't, of course, and when he "worked that through cognitively," the phobia vanished. Similarly, his stage fright eased "with continued practice and challenging his automatic thoughts...
...therapy haven't been resolved. That's partly because cognitive therapy involves a variety of techniques. In addition to questioning negative thoughts in the therapy office, cognitive therapists use behavioral homework assignments-for instance, phobic patients may be asked to expose themselves to fears (like Beck going through the tunnel). Depressed clients are asked to schedule regular activities. But if cognitive therapy is all those things, critics say, maybe getting better is a matter of merely changing old behaviors, not questioning negative beliefs...
...just as cognitive therapy didn't simply pop into Beck's head when he learned to master his tunnel phobia, ACT is more than the sum of Hayes' experiences. As Hayes' anxiety condition improved in the '80s, he worked with scores of clients and students in his lab to develop the therapy. The lab did studies showing how humans narrow the range of their behaviors based on rules they hear, even in situations where rules hurt them. For instance, Hayes conducted experiments showing that subjects who could have earned more money for doing simple tasks (like moving a light around...
...ESCAPED. JAMAL AL-BADAWI, 36, al-Qaeda operative sentenced to death for masterminding the 2000 bombing of the U.S.S. Cole, which killed 17 sailors; from a Yemeni prison, along with 22 other convicts; through a 140-m tunnel officials said was dug by inmates as well as conspirators outside the prison; in Sana'a. The carefully planned escape raised questions about whether al-Badawi, who broke out of another Yemeni jail in 2003 and was recaptured 11 months later, had assistance from Yemeni officials...