Word: turboprops
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...cure for this situation is the turboprop, which is coming into use in transports, notably the British Viscount. Most of the energy that it develops spins a geared propeller that moves a large volume of air comparatively slowly and yields almost ideal propulsive efficiency. But propellers have many failings at high speed, and few enginemen think they will serve above. 450 m.p.h...
...bypass engine is an intermediate type that stands midway between the turbojet and the turboprop. It has two compressors, each driven by its own turbine through its own shaft (see diagram). Some modern turbojets have this arrangement too, but all the air that is compressed passes through the combustion chambers to form the high-speed jet. In the bypass engine, part of the air from the forward compressor flows around the combustion chambers (incidentally cooling trie engine's skin) and mixes with the speeding gas in the tailpipe. It cools the stream and slows it, but adds greatly...
...aircraft industry last week took a big stride into jet-age commercial flying. In Los Angeles, Lockheed Aircraft Corp. announced that it is building the first U.S. commercial turboprop (jet plus propeller) airliner, will have it in the air by 1958. Lockheed President Robert E. Gross announced his first order: $65 million from American Airlines for 35 of the fast, new planes, all of them to be delivered...
Called the "Electra" after Lockheed's first 200-m.p.h. transport (1934), the new plane will be a big improvement over Britain's seven-year-eld Vickers Viscount, which now dominates the commercial turboprop field. Slim and hightailed, the Electra will have four engines, will cruise at 410-440 m.p.h. for flights up to 2,000 miles, 25% faster and 1,000 miles farther than current Viscounts. It will carry 64 passengers (compared to Viscount's 48) in a cabin with big picture windows, a lounge, and wider seats, each with a combination desk-tray...
Specifications for the new turboprop had been laid down by American Airlines. American wanted the plane for medium-range routes to replace its 75-plane fleet of relatively slow (270 m.p.h.), twin-engined Convairs, had been shopping ever since Capital Airlines decided to import Vickers' 320-m.p.h. Viscounts last year. Convair, Douglas, Vickers and Lockheed all put in bids and, when Lockheed won, it was the first time that Lockheed had ever beaten Douglas for an important American Airlines contract...