Word: turkestan
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...last half of the 19th century, Czarist armies finally conquered the region and called all of it Turkestan. Until the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, local emirs continued to rule, and Mohammedanism was not interfered with. Rebelling against the feudal lords, Moslem intellectuals helped the Reds win control in a savage civil war that lasted until 1924. After it was over, Stalin set to work with calculated savagery to Russianize and communize the area. Tribal groups were broken up and nomads forced into collectives. In ten years, uncounted millions died from starvation or were killed. Then the Soviets turned to extirpating...
Sovietized Republics. Two vast, state-directed migrations did much to change the character of Turkestan. The first was in the 19305; the second was Nikita Khrushchev's drive to open up Kazakhstan's virgin (and barren) land. The newcomers did not mix well with the Uzbeks, Kazakhs and other Moslems, but, largely as a result of their efforts, the land (now divided into five Soviet republics) has made considerable economic strides...
...PERSON FROM ENGLAND, AND OTHER TRAVELERS TO TURKESTAN (314 pp.)-Fitzroy Maclean-Harper...
...correspond with prefixed ideas, Hughes was willing to take things pretty much as he found them and, if possible, to get fun out of them. In Russia for instance a free dental filling "seemed to me a minor miracle." "Moscow dental customs, the unveiling of the harem women in Turkestan, and the disappearance of the color line throughout Soviet Asia, are the three achievements I remember best of the whole USSR...
...specific ministry, will probably continue as the Kremlins roving economic troubleshooter. Last remaining jew in the hierarchy. Born to a poor family in the Ukraine graduated from elementary school became a shoemaker at 14, a Bolshevik at 18 (in 1911). An effective job of handling touchy minorities in Turkestan in 1920 won Stalin's attention and a summons to Moscow. Hard-working practical Kaganovich was sent off in 1925, at the age of 32 to boss the Ukraine, Russia's richest area; there, directed the building of Dneprostroi, first great Red power project. A Politburo member since...