Word: turkeys
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...Lausanne Treaty (TIME, August 6, 1923) left undone one thing that it should have done: the settlement of the Iraq-Turkish boundary.* It was understood that Britain (holding a League of Nations mandate for Iraq) and Turkey were to solve the problem between themselves; and, if agreement were impossible, they were to refer their dispute to the League...
Agreement was impossible. Turkey set covetous eyes on Mosul, synonym for oil; Britain set faith on the adage "possession is nine points of the law." Turkey recognized one boundary line; Britain another. Result: Both became engaged in recriminations because the one had invaded the other's territory...
...crash of Empires and the falling of crowns, which seemed a logical result of the War, Turkey was a main link in the concatenations of stupendous events. For better or for worse, Turkey became a republic, a midget of a state compared to its former self; all the old panoplies of government were thrown overboard. The Sultan-Calif fled for his life. A new Calif arose; but the Sultanate was ground to dust by the puissant heel of Democracy. It was to be only a matter of time before the sole of the same foot was to crush the Califate...
Califate. After the collapse of the Califate on the Bosphorus, Islam became torn by the question of the succession. Who was to be Calif of Islam? Ex-Sultan of Turkey, Mohammed VI, who was temporal and spiritual head of Mohammedanism, said he was Calif; but that did not settle it. The Agar Khan of Bombay, the Emir of Afghanistan, Sultan Mulai Yusef of Morocco, King Fuad of Egypt all wanted to be Calif. The President of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, said that the Turkish Parliament would in the future impersonate the Calif. Abdul-Medjid Effendi, last Turkish Calif, declared with...
History. Not during 6,000 years of history had Egypt claimed suzerainty over the Sudan until the year 1820 when Mehemet Ali, "barbarian of genius," and Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey succeeded in conquering the country. But even this victory was only nominal; for the Turko-Egyptians were never able to assert complete mastery over the country which they contemptuously called Bilad-es-Sudan, "country of the blacks." In 1882 came the revolt of the Mahdi, "Guide of Islam," aimed specifically at the Egyptians whose corrupt practices were thoroughly despised. The regime of the Mahdi was later replaced by that...