Word: turkish
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Knives slashed across the throats of two sheep, and their blood gushed out onto the quay jutting into Istanbul harbor. The traditional Moslem ritual of sacrifice was supposed to guarantee a safe voyage for a blue-and-gray-hulled exploration vessel named Sismik-1. As the 1,200-ton Turkish ship steamed toward the Dardanelles, she was saluted by a cacophony of ship's whistles...
Chasdi traces the legacy of segregation to historical circumstances. "When Palestine was under Turkish control, Arabs and Jews were separated. That continued through the British mandate and the establishment of the state." It is unlikely to change in the future, but, he adds, "We do have a desire to work closer together--that's one of the goals of this program." He points to the teaching of Arabic in Jewish schools and of Hebrew in Arab schools as signs of rapprochment...
...Turkish Yoke. The volunteers were of several sorts. The first, writes David Howarth in this wry and lively short history, consisted of officers left over from the Napoleonic wars of the previous decade. Each had at least one fine uniform, one sword and a brace of pistols. A few were what they said they had been; others actually had fought at grades several degrees below their announced ranks. A large number were simply counterfeit, like the Italian named Tassi, who said he had been Napoleon's engineer in chief but who confessed, when it became explosively clear...
Greeks who lived in Western Europe had conceived the notion of throwing off the Turkish yoke and unifying, their country as a sovereign nation. However fashionable in Paris and London, this was an alien idea in Greece, incomprehensible to the wild tribesmen who actually lived there. When unorganized slaughter of Turkish citizens began in 1821, partly as the result of agitation by the expatriates, Greek fighting forces consisted mostly of mutually hostile guerrilla bands. Their chiefs fought, looted, connived, ran away or made peace separately, as they had always done, without regard to Western ideas of patriotism or military strategy...
...effective end of this war of muddle and misconception came in 1827, by mistake, when a small English and French peace-keeping fleet aroused the suspicion of a large Turkish fleet at Navarino. The Turks, who had never learned gunnery, opened fire. They were cut to pieces, and the Sultan's domination came to an end. Author Howarth, an English naval historian (Trafalgar: The Nelson Touch), writes of it all wonderingly, although not flippantly. His book is good mean fun for readers who are tired of the posturings of warriors and statesmen - then...