Word: turkmen
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...flourish, in the Communist world. The Soviet Union is now home to the world's fifth largest Muslim population (after Indonesia, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). Officials in Moscow are notably fearful that the currents of fervor sweeping Iran might cross the border and infect the Islamic populations of Azerbaijan, Turkmen and other republics on the Soviet Union's southern tier. More than half of the estimated 11 million people in China's huge western province of Xinjiang (Sinkiang) are Muslim; a heavy propaganda campaign against the "opiate of the masses" has failed to prevent the faithful from performing their daily...
...Karl Eska (344 pp.; Viking; $3.95) was written out of his wartime experience in Soviet Asia by an anti-Nazi Austrian, who is using a pseudonym for this work. The fifth season of the title is famine - a famine brought on by the blunders of Russian planners in the Turkmen republic and made more terrible by the party's refusal to recognize its existence. The Reds keep parroting, "No one in this country goes hungry." As bodies pile up in the streets, the bosses try to explain them away as caused by typhus and by neglecting "the elementary principles...
...treaty provides that the Russians can build a dam on the Murghab River, to irrigate the barren steppes of the neighboring Turkmen Soviet Republic. It also consolidates Russia's hold on the strategically important Trans-Caspian Railroad, a branch of which ends at Kushka, near Afghan and Iranian oil. In return, Afghanistan got a couple of small islands...
From the lofty, windy plateau of Central Asia in the shadow of the high Pamirs came Turkmen, Tajiks and Uzbeks to establish three more border republics in 1925. Slope-eyed Kazakhs and Kirghiz were found ready to form republics, Soviet style...
...delegates of 54 nationalities to the Council of Nationalities. Ukraine, Uzbek on the Afghanistan border, Turkmen on the Caspian, Armenian, Georgian, six other "constituent republics" sent 25 each. Tatars from the Volga, Karelians from the swampy North, Buriat-Mongolians from the shores of Lake Baikal, Moldavians from the southwestern borders of the Ukraine, 18 other "autonomous republics" sent eleven each, while 45 came from nine regions and twelve from national districts like Komi, Chukotsk in the Arctic...