Word: turkmenistan
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...spoons dip into the pot, but how many spoonfuls are there?" mused a caviar exporter quoted by an official of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, known as CITES. Holding those spoons as they divide the Caspian's wild sturgeon with Iran are Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. "In a region where fish stocks were once a carefully guarded state secret, and where there is still no comprehensive political agreement over how to share the Caspian Sea and its resources, this breakthrough on sturgeon management marks a dramatic step toward transparency and cooperation," says Jim Armstrong, deputy secretary...
...stockpiled about 100 miles away, across the border in Uzbekistan. But that country's bureaucracy, which fears an influx of refugees and Islamic radicals, has managed to keep all but a few hundred tons from moving into Afghanistan. Aid that did get across, either from Uzbekistan or from Turkmenistan to the west, had to go through a gauntlet before it helped those who needed it most. Agencies have to pay a "tax" to a military commander around every mountain pass. Pilfering is rife; Alliance soldiers and local aid workers divert much of the food, medicine and blankets to their families...
...They still hold Herat, which is a long way from Mazar, and they'd have to move down along the Turkmenistan border to get there. But the Taliban are in a strong position at Herat. So that's one possible retreat. The more obvious choices are Taloqan and Kunduz. But if they're there and the road from Kabul to Mazar is cut, the Taliban forces there face being cut off, because many of the local commanders between them and Kabul may be bought...
...below while handicapping one's enemies--is being repeated on every level of Afghan society as the leaders of the country's numerous tribes peer through the fog of war to glimpse a post-Taliban future. They are not alone. Each of the bordering nations--Iran, Pakistan, China, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan--has its preferred outcome and is working to secure it. Further afield, the U.S. and its allies are waking up to their need for a stable postwar Afghanistan. Without it, U.S. officials say, there is no way to prevent the country from continuing to serve as a haven...
...below while handicapping one's enemies?is being repeated on every level of Afghan society as the leaders of the country's numerous tribes peer through the fog of war to glimpse a post-Taliban future. They are not alone. Each of the bordering nations?Iran, Pakistan, China, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan?has its preferred outcome and is working to secure it. Further afield, the U.S. and its allies are waking up to their need for a stable postwar Afghanistan. Without it, U.S. officials say, there is no way to prevent the country from continuing to serve as a haven...