Word: turn
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...second stage will take over. With its five engines producing 1,125,000 Ibs. of thrust, the S-2 will accelerate the shortened vehicle to a speed of 14,000 m.p.h. and hurtle it to an altitude of 119 miles. After the S-2 is jettisoned in turn, the third-stage S-4B will ignite, using its 225,000-lb.-thrust engine to increase the spaceship's speed to 17,400 m.p.h. and insert it into a "parking" orbit around the earth...
...earth recedes behind them, the astronauts will separate their spacecraft from the S-4B, move about 50 ft. ahead of it, and then turn to face it. During this maneuver, protective panels will be jettisoned from the S-4B, exposing the dummy lunar module (LM) carried in its nose. The astronauts will then simulate docking with the LM-an operation that will be particularly important on the lunar-landing mission next year, when an Apollo spacecraft will dock nose-to-nose with a real LM before taking it into orbit around the moon. Finally, after the astronauts have jockeyed their...
Other, less perilous problems could turn Apollo 8 from a space spectacular into a humdrum engineering flight. Allowing for such contingencies as the failure of a backup system, an inadvertent early cutoff of the S-4B rocket while it is blasting Apollo toward the moon or unusually intense radiation from the sun, NASA has devised a number of alternative flight plans. Thus, Apollo 8 might merely remain in earth orbit, duplicating Apollo 7's eleven-day flight. It could also loop out as far as 25,000 miles from the earth and then descend into a low earth orbit...
...until close to the turn of the century was man ready to turn his attention from fanciful to actual space flights. By 1898, a deaf Russian schoolteacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky had calculated the mathematical laws of rocket motion and begun to publish scores of articles about space travel. His descriptions of earth satellites, liquid-fuel rockets, space suits, solar energy and the eventual colonization of the solar system, stimulated Russia's insatiable appetite for space travel...
Trouble is, that appetite has led many U.S. businessmen to demand protection in turn. Justifiably or not, Congress this year has been deluged with bills to put import quotas or similar nontariff barriers on steel, textiles, footwear and dozens of other products. The temptation to erect trade barriers is seductive. For somehow, the U.S. must end or at least substantially reduce its persistent balance of payments deficit; otherwise the dollar may face the same pressures as the franc and the devalued pound...