Word: two
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...guidelines issued Friday, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommended that adolescent girls wait until age 21 to get their first Pap smear. The College also recommended less frequent screening for older women: every two years for women in their 20s instead of yearly, and every three years for women 30 and older. Previously, the ACOG - along with other national groups, including the American Cancer Society and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (or USPSTF, the same group that revised its mammography screening advice) - had advised girls to begin yearly Pap tests within three years of their first...
...guidelines advise women between the ages of 21 and 30 to be screened once every two years for cervical cancer. In women over 30, the guidelines allow for three years between screenings, if patients have three consecutive normal Pap smears and no prior history of abnormalities. Between 65 and 70, women may stop have Pap smears altogether, if they have had three normal tests in a row and negative results over the last 10 years. However, women with HIV, previously abnormal Pap tests, or other problems that would suppress the immune system or increase the risk of aggressive cervical cancer...
Cervical cancer is slow growing - giving doctors time to find it - and studies show that among women in their 20s, the risk of developing cervical cancer does not increase by reducing the frequency of Pap tests to every two years. Although the HPV infection rate is high among sexually active teens and young adults, the virus is typically cleared by the woman's immune system within a year or two of infection. Few cases of HPV infection lead to cancer; when they do, the cancer may develop up to 10 to 20 years after exposure to the virus...
...Following his demarche, several more whistleblowers have posted videos on YouTube - to much fanfare - accusing their superiors of fabricating cases, including one that led to life sentences for two men convicted of a 2005 arson in which 25 people were killed. The two men convicted of setting the fire in the northwestern city of Ukhta were innocent, former policeman Mikhail Yevseyev and former deputy prosecutor Grigory Chekalin said in separate videos...
...online grievances - a rarity in a country where law enforcers typically close ranks in the face of public criticism - come at an awkward time for Russia's police. In Siberia last month, two police officers allegedly committed separate murder-suicides, leaving a total of five people dead, including themselves. A third policeman in Tuva has been charged with using excessive force after shooting a 17-year-old boy dead in what he claims was self-defense. The slayings came just months after the arrest of a Moscow police officer accused of drunkenly shooting nine people in a supermarket, killing two...