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...Washington, middle schoolers would be paid for a portfolio of five different metrics, including attendance and good behavior. If they hit perfect marks in every category, they could make $100 every two weeks. Schools in Dallas got the simplest scheme and the one targeting the youngest children: every time second-graders read a book and successfully completed a computerized quiz about it, they earned $2. Straightforward - and cheap. The average earning would turn out to be about $14 (for seven books read) per year...
...York City, the $1.5 million paid to 8,320 kids for good test scores did not work - at least not in any way that's easy to measure. In Chicago, under a different model, the kids who earned money for grades attended class more often and got better grades, two major accomplishments. Those students did not, however, do better on their standardized tests at the end of the year...
...Meanwhile, in Washington, each school got to choose three of the payment metrics, and some of the elements ended up being outcomes like test scores. But the students were also paid on the basis of attendance and behavior - two actions that are under their direct control. Under this hybrid model, the kids who got paid did better on their standardized reading tests. Because of the small size of the school system, the Washington sample was less well balanced than those in the other cities. But its results contain one remarkable finding: the kids who were helped the most...
...years, KIPP leaders, who now run 82 schools nationwide, have learned a lot about which rewards work and which do not. They have found that speed matters, for example. Recognition, like punishment, works best if it happens quickly. So KIPP schools pay their kids every week. (Interestingly, the two places Fryer's experiment worked best were the ones where kids got feedback fast - through biweekly paychecks in Washington and through passing computerized quizzes in Dallas...
...McMahon says he had no option but to vote no. The district has no city hospital - yet another bone of contention with city hall - and the two hospitals that serve it are facing big funding cuts under the legislation. The district is also one of the oldest in the state, and McMahon says that over 40% of his seniors are on Medicare Advantage, a program that will be gutted by the new bill. "My constituents are very happy with [my] vote because they understand and they share my concerns," McMahon says in an interview outside the bingo hall. "I know...