Word: typhoidal
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...American Public Health Association, a U.S. research and professional organization, reported last year that health standards in Cuba have "declined dramatically" over the past two to three years. Physicians fear that deteriorating sanitary conditions will bring back dysentery and typhoid, since soap and detergents are in short supply, as is chlorine to treat the water supply. The incidence of hepatitis A and diarrhea is on the rise, and infant tuberculosis is a growing problem in poor sections of Havana...
Early on there was already a winner in the war, whose triumph will be unaffected by whatever the politicians or soldiers decide. It is the victory of disease. Sanitation is impossible; typhoid, dysentery, cholera are all menacing the refugees, especially the children. Malarial mosquitoes swarm above the swamps. As the rainy season continues in the mountains, the dry cough of pneumonia and tuberculosis echoes through the camps. One Red Cross doctor has commandeered a partly built breeze-block structure and roofed it with blue plastic sheeting to make a hospital. More than 70 patients with bullet wounds and 100 others...
...Russians, Koreans and Chinese suspected of anti-Japanese activities were brought to the ! Unit 731 base at Pinfang, near Harbin. Clinically referred to as maruta, or "logs," they were initially treated well since the experiments required healthy subjects. Eventually, however, some of the prisoners were infected with contagious diseases -- typhoid, tetanus, anthrax, syphilis -- or poisoned with mustard gas; others, stripped and tied to poles, were exposed to the -20 degreesC Manchurian winter to develop frostbite and subsequently gangrene. Some were even dissected while still alive, according to former unit members. At least 3,000 prisoners perished...
Physicians use vaccines against viruses, such as the measles, polio, mumps, or rubella, against bacteria, such as typhoid and salmonella, and against bacterial toxins, such as pertussis, tetanus and diphtheria. Each type of antigen, however, requires its own strategy...
...there have been no major outbreaks of illness. Health officials say such traditional scourges as cholera and typhoid are unlikely to pose a significant threat, and authorities insist that clean water and uncontaminated food -- which so far have been available in most areas -- will ensure that a full-scale epidemic doesn't take place. "There's a misperception that every time there is a disaster, people are at risk," says Mitchell Cohen of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "The key elements are providing safe water and safe food. Health authorities know this controls any infectious-disease problem...