Word: typing
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...These cells represent the newest model of diabetes for humans," says Melton. "We have a lot of good models of Type 1 diabetes in the mouse, but everything that we have learned from them has failed in the clinic. Now we have a chance at figuring out how humans get the disease...
Diabetes researchers believe that the disorder is caused by some type of immune reaction gone awry - immune cells are "trained" in the thymus gland to recognize the body's own cells and protect them from destruction. For some reason, this education doesn't occur properly in Type 1 diabetes patients, and the immune system sees the pancreatic beta cells as foreign. Melton's team is currently working to generate thymus cells from diabetic patients in the same way the team created the beta cells, in order to put all the players together in a lab dish, in a kind...
...these methods of making beta cells become more established, says Dr. Rohit Kulkarni, a diabetes expert at Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston, the strategy could be expanded to help patients with either Type 1 or 2 diabetes. "It might even be more relevant for other types of diabetes where there is no immune-system attack," he says. In those cases, simply replacing nonfunctioning beta cells might go a long way toward treating or even curing the disease. (See how to prevent illness...
...before that can happen, says Melton, the newly formed beta cells can become a valuable resource for understanding Type 1 diabetes better - to answer key questions such as what makes the cells so ineffective in diabetics, and whether new populations of beta cells could survive and function if transplanted into patients. "This is opening a door to a long-term project to get at the cause of this disease," he says. "But it is a new door...
...ever-changing world, most Indians I met admire our country’s egalitarianism and diversity. A friend of mine one day asked me during a political conversation if Barack Obama was actually the son of a Muslim. When I responded affirmatively, he remarked, “Now that type of thing only happens in America.” Though Indians of diverse religious beliefs are widely represented in India’s governing structures, the general population’s interactions are often severely restricted by religion. One can work with Hindus for weeks on end without working with...