Word: tyuratam
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Last week that trip moved a step closer to reality. From its launching pad at the Baikonur space complex, near Tyuratam in the Soviet republic of Kazakhstan, a Proton rocket carrying an unmanned spacecraft rose on an orange and blue column of fire that illuminated the night sky. Turning lazily eastward, the rocket sent the craft off on an ambitious mission: to scout Mars and probe Phobos, one of its two tiny moons. Far below at the sprawling complex, technicians swarmed over a sister ship that is scheduled to be launched this week on a similar mission. Exulted Roald Sagdeyev...
When the 170 million-horsepower Energia rocket thundered from its launching pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome near Tyuratam in Kazakhstan on May 15, the Soviet Union took another stride in its steady march toward pre-eminence in space. Streaking eastward, the massive heavy-lift rocket reached 6,000 m.p.h. and 30 miles in altitude before the first stage separated and dropped to earth as planned. At nearly 14,000 m.p.h. and 60 miles up, the second stage fell away and splashed into the Pacific Ocean "in strict conformity with the flight mission," as the official report put it. Then, unexpectedly...
Salyut 7 is the latest in a series of sophisticated laboratories that the Soviets have put into orbit since 1971. Last February the three cosmonauts made a rendezvous with Salyut only one day after taking off in a Soyuz T-10 rocket from the Tyuratam space center in Kazakhstan. To maintain muscle strength during their long mission, the crew not only exercised regularly but spent part of each day in tight, constraining suits that forced their lungs and hearts to work harder. Still, when they landed last Tuesday, Soviet television showed them looking tired, with dark circles under their eyes...
...push by the Soviets has brought them close to achieving two of their long-cherished goals: a space shuttle and a super-booster for launching huge modules that would make up a large, complex space station. American reconnaissance satellites have photographed two big new boosters on the launchpads at Tyuratam and new runways for the shuttle. A congressional study describes the Salyut missions as "the cornerstone of an official policy which looks not only toward permanent Soviet human presence in low earth orbit, but also toward permanent settlement of their people on the moon and Mars." The report warns...
Soviet ICBMs are tested from west to east. They are fired from launchers at Plesetsk near the White Sea and Tyuratam near the Aral Sea at targets in the north Pacific and on the Kamchatka peninsula in Siberia. In a war, however, the missiles would follow a very different trajectory, over the North Pole, and would therefore be subject to different geodetic, gravitational and meteorological forces, known as bias, from those that prevail on the test range. The result, say the critics, would be bias errors in the accuracy of warheads fired against...