Word: tyuratam
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sat down in Vienna last week for a 90-minute private session, with only their interpreters present, one of the most sensitive issues between them concerned Turkey. The U.S. wants to send U-2 spy planes into Turkish airspace to monitor missile tests from the Tyuratam launch site in Kazakhstan, about a thousand miles inside the U.S.S.R. To verify Soviet compliance with the missile modernization provisions of SALT II, American intelligence must be able to get as close as possible to launches from Tyuratam. Before the fall of the Shah, the U.S. relied largely on nearby...
...still being negotiated for most of the week in Geneva by teams of U.S. and Soviet diplomats. The final issue was minor, and the butt of much diplomatic banter. The chief CIA man on the U.S. delegation had presented his KGB counterpart with a T shirt emblazoned: FREE THE TYURATAM EIGHTEEN! The gift was one of those arcane jokes that are best appreciated by SALT technicians. It referred to 18 heavy-missile launchers at the Soviets' Tyuratam test site in central Asia, which the Soviets claim are used only for tests and therefore do not count as strategic weapons. Well...
From a super-secret missile test base at Tyuratam, near the Aral Sea, a Soviet SS-18 intercontinental ballistic missile roars from its silo, hurtling its ten warheads 5,000 miles toward a target area in the western Pacific. The heat of the rocket's blast triggers infrared sensors aboard a U.S. spy satellite 22,000 miles above Tyuratam. Within seconds, other U.S. facilities are alerted and computer-run electronic equipment on land, planes and ships locks onto the SS-18, monitoring its flight and performance...
...Iranian posts especially valuable was their proximity to the launch site, thus assuring very accurate reception of telemetry, the performance data being beamed by the test missile. The huge eavesdropping antennas of the Kabkan base in Iran were almost on the Soviet border, only about 650 miles from the Tyuratam test range. By contrast, the Turkish sites are farther from the U.S.S.R. test area, and the Soviet missiles' electronic transmissions are partly blocked by mountains...
Last week the Soviet team had callers. From the fog-shrouded space station at Tyuratam, Kazakhstan, two more cosmonauts were launched into orbit aboard Soyuz 27. They were Air Force Lieut. Colonel Vladimir Dzhanibekov, 35, a pilot who is making his first space flight, and Oleg Makarov, 44, his civilian flight engineer whose two previous Soyuz missions included a flight that was aborted and forced to land in the snows of Siberia near the Chinese border in 1975. After chasing the blinking red and blue lights of Salyut round the earth for a day, the cosmonauts caught up with...