Word: ukrainians
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...history of the Ukraine (meaning borderland) dates back to the 16th Century when thousands of "Little Russian" or Ukrainian fugitives fled from Poland to the banks of the Dnepr and there established the State of Dnepr Cossacks. Exasperated by successive Polish invasions, they finally appealed to Tsar Alexis Mikhailovich at Moscow for protection and placed themselves under his sovereignty. The Cossack nobility fused with the Russian nobility, the Ukrainian peasantry soon became an assimilated part of the Russian peasantry and for nearly 300 years there was little difference between the Little Russians of the Ukraine and the Great Russians...
...Ukrainian separatist movement of the 19th Century was little more than a dream fostered by a few Galician intellectuals. During the World War it became a German-imported article which reached its greatest success when the Tsar was overthrown, the Russian armies collapsed and German Warlords Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff decided that the Ukraine would be a good bread basket for Germany's starving armies. At the fortress of Brest-Litovsk (now in Poland) on March 3, 1918, a Russian delegation signed a humiliating treaty which detached from All the Russias not only Finland and the White...
Tough Nuts. The story of the prolonged Brest-Litovsk negotiations and the subsequent short but eventful history of the Ukrainian Republic is told in a scholarly book by British Author John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Forgotten Peace.* The moral drawn by Mr. Wheeler-Bennett suggests that Herr Hitler may find himself swimming in trouble rather than prosperity should his Ukrainian campaign be successful...
...Ukrainian peasant is a tough nut to crack. At a time when they could least be spared from the western front, 500,000 soldiers of Germany and Austria-Hungary were needed to keep the Ukraine in order. Moreover, the Ukrainian peasant was not enthusiastic about feeding the Germans at the front. For the 1918 harvest they tried to trick the Germans by planting just enough for their own needs. Only 42,000 truck loads of grain were exported from the Ukraine during the entire period of German-Austrian occupation...
...Allied victory automatically nullified the Brest-Litovsk Treaty and the Ukrainian Republic, after a feeble struggle, folded up to become again a part of Russia. Ten years later Joseph Stalin, starting his collective-farming program, also found the Ukrainian peasant a stubborn creature. Confronted with similar sabotage, the Stalin Government simply confiscated the Ukrainian grain, left the peasants to starve. Some 3,000,000 of them...