Word: ultrasounds
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Dates: during 1957-1957
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...guard against a second wave early in 1958. ¶ Grants of $500,000 each to three universities (Harvard, Johns Hopkins and Pittsburgh) were announced by the Rockefeller Foundation for training and research programs to prepare public health experts to guard civilians against the health hazards of nuclear radiation. ¶Ultrasound vibrations (TIME, Dec. 2), already available for high-speed painless drilling, were demonstrated to Greater New York dentists as a means of cleaning the teeth. At 26,000 vibrations per second, a blunt, smooth tip on the instrument dislodges accumulations of calculus (tartar), including those below the gumline, where they...
Sharper Than a Knife. Nobody knows how ultrasound achieves most of its effects. But its use in neurology at Iowa City has a solid base in years of painstaking research. Physicist William Justin Fry, 39, worked with underwater sound for the Navy during World War II, went to the University of Illinois at Urbana and carried on ultrasound work with funds from the Office of Naval Research. In the early postwar years most ultrasound generators produced only a crude, unfocused beam. Fry built a two-story laboratory with equipment reminiscent of science-fiction illustrations, gradually refined his complex apparatus...
...each side) called the ansa lenticularis. But he found conventional surgery too crude and damaging: it meant putting a knife through healthy tissues to get at the almost inaccessible ansa lenticularis. He saw the same objections to alcohol injections (TIME, March 21, 1955). Dr. Meyers believed that ultrasound might prove sharper and more precise than any scalpel, worked with Fry in designing and building a treatment room for Iowa City...
...operation, each patient got only a local anesthetic, an injection of procaine hydrochloride into the scalp. Then, with a drill and saw, Dr. Meyers removed a piece of the skull, four by five inches. Ultrasound cannot be transmitted through bone because on meeting such resistance it generates too much heat. With the skull flap out of the way, the surgeons made a shallow pan in its place, using a metal strip as border and the dura mater (the brain's parchment-like covering) as the bottom. This they filled with salt solution from which all gas had been removed...
...Quick Pose. With the patient's head in the exact position of the day before (determined by the pins and coordinates and another X ray as a double check), the four-part head of the quartz-crystal, ultrasound irradiator was lowered into the pan. While the patient remained fully conscious, no more distressed than he would have been in a dentist's chair, and talked occasionally, Dr. Meyers gave the 'signal and a technician pressed a button. Ultrasound, at a frequency of 980,000 cycles per second, shot through intervening brain tissues but not in sufficient intensity...