Word: ultraviolet
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...earth's storms are connected in some way with changes in the sun's radiation. They develop just after the sun's surface shows "calcium flocculi": a nubbly appearance that signals an unusually large output of ultraviolet light. Shortly after the sun gets nubbly, the high white clouds show...
...Mintz collected records of Jupiter's spottedness and made charts to show its variation over the years. Then he did the same for variations in the sun's flocculi. The two curves matched strikingly. After nearly every burst of ultraviolet from the sun, Jupiter broke out in spots...
...quite sure why ultraviolet light has these effects. Since Jupiter's atmosphere is not like the earth's, its spots may be formed in a somewhat different way. Dr. Mintz suspects that Jupiter's white spots may be clouds of ammonia crystals floating high, like the cirrus clouds in the earth's atmosphere. Its dark spots may be places where the Jovian atmosphere is unusually clear...
Exact knowledge of the ultraviolet will be of great use to meteorologists. Ultraviolet energy heats the top of the atmosphere, causing air movements that affect the weather all over the world. The information will also be useful in the study of the ionized air layers, which reflect many kinds of radio signals...
...newly photographed ultraviolet waves will be a major hazard for future space pilots in flights above the atmosphere. Human tissue, developed beneath the sheltering air blanket, will probably be injured by ultraviolet unless well protected. "I'd hate to be up there for an hour," said Dr. Howard Edwards, who worked on the project. "In fact, I'd hate to be up there...