Word: umbanda
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...years ago, now claims 3,600 centers throughout the country. In the 1950 census some 900,000 Brazilians declared themselves spiritists, but best estimates are that about 10 million of Brazil's 61 million population now indulge in the cults. One, the Confederação Espirita da Umbanda, claims, in Rio alone, more than 1,000 centers, known as terreiros (earth places...
...effect on Brazilian workers. The real wages of many workers in Rio shrank within the past five years, as beef soared from 9 cruzeiros a kilogram in 1950 to 46 today, butter from 34 to no. One of the odder symptoms of mass discontent is the mushroom growth of umbanda or espiritismo, a white-magic religious cult with elaborate African rituals. There were 75,000 registered espiri-tistas in Rio in 1949, 124,000 in 1950; today there are some 400,000, and the national total runs into millions...
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