Word: umbrian
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...broad assemblage was set in Assisi in honor of St. Francis, the simple Umbrian friar whose life exemplifies humanity's quest for peace. "If the world is going to continue, and men and women are to survive in it," John Paul declared in English, "it cannot do without prayer. This is the permanent lesson of Assisi. It is the lesson of St. Francis, who embodied an attractive ideal...
...Menotti was at it again, in what could be the greatest -and riskiest-romance of his long career in music and the performing arts: launching an American version of Italy's Spoleto Festival in Charleston, S.C. Menotti created the original festival in June 1958, transforming the quiet old Umbrian hill town of Spoleto into an international center of the arts...
...have criticized me for living abroad," Pepper recalls, "but I think isolation freed me. The idea of being part of a group still depresses me." In any case, her style was wrong. Prepotent is her adjective: a flamboyant, vulnerable mixture of dandy and red-hot momma, ensconced in an Umbrian castle...
Despite its size, the patterning of such a project is curiously gentle. It brings to mind the mellow quilts and terraces of the Umbrian landscape that stretches below Pepper's house at Todi. Her interest in environmental art is guided by a touching sense of good urban manners. She believes that "threatening sculpture for public places is unfair, because life is so threatening." But how to make an unthreatening sculpture without going decorative? These land pieces, ground-hugging and subtly angled, but so large as to become part of the landscape of seasonal change and human action around them...
From an historical perspective, politically-concerned art groups are not a new phenomenon. The guild system, begun in Italy in 1286 in the Umbrian village of Perugia, resulted from the first pressures for social and professional organization. Civic rights were dependent on membership in these guilds by 1293, and the guild was like a father watching over the education of his son: the guild supervised the artist's religion, educational apprenticeships, contracts and relationships to patrons, and even had the power of punishment. By the 1400s artists like Brunelleschi in Florence asserted freedom against the guilds...