Word: umm
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...port of Bandar Khomeini and then an oil refinery and a power station in Isfahan. In response, Tehran Radio announced that Iranian artillery units would retaliate by shelling targets in southern Iraq. The station warned Iraqi civilians to evacuate Basra, Iraq's second largest city, as well as Umm Qasr, at the head of the Persian Gulf, and Khanaqin, a town northeast of Baghdad...
...moving troops across the broad waterway, the Iranians were able to seize Fao, a deserted oil port badly damaged early in the war, and Umm al Rassas, an island about 40 miles from Basra. Iraq conceded that Iranian forces had established "a shaky foothold" in its territory but warned that the venture "faced a gloomy fate." At week's end the ultimate success of the Iranian assault was uncertain. But it was clear that whatever the outcome, the price would be high. Thus far the battle has claimed thousands of casualties on both sides...
...latest round in the tanker war began early last week when a Kuwaiti-owned tanker of medium size, the Umm Casbah, was hit by rockets after leaving the Kuwaiti port of Mina al-Ahmadi. The Britain-bound ship was only slightly damaged, and after an emergency stop at Bahrain it sailed on toward the Strait of Hormuz with its cargo of fuel oil. The same evening, Iraq declared that it had not fired on gulf shipping for four days. If true, it could only mean that Iran had joined the tanker war at last...
Today the same people incarnate modern Arab lore emerging from the magic elixir of oil. The oil price boom in 1973 began barely two years after seven gulf emirates-Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al Qaiwain, Ras al Khaimah and Fujairah-set aside tribal quarrels to form a loose federation. The cornucopia of oil money has yielded perhaps the highest per capita income in the world for Emirates citizens (in excess of $100,000 a year) and created a cradle-to-grave welfare state. But the Emirates face the most serious population imbalance in the region: of a population...
...alarm of capitals around the Middle East, an air battle erupted in the border area between Iraqi helicopter gunships and several Iranian Phantom jets and helicopters. There were also reports of increased military activity at Iraq's two main naval bases: Basra, on the Shatt al Arab, and Umm Qasr, at the northern tip of the Persian Gulf. Since more than 50% of the West's oil supplies originate in the gulf area, this confrontation was a new worry for the U.S. and its allies...