Word: underground
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...proposal soon ran into trouble for two reasons: 1) the Russians demanded veto power over the makeup and movements of inspection teams on Russian territory, thus rendering inspection worthless; 2) U.S. scientists discovered that they had seriously overestimated the ability of inspectors to detect underground explosions. Alarmed by the miscalculation, the Pentagon, the Atomic Energy Commission and some members of the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy urgently asked President Eisenhower to modify the U.S. offer lest the U.S. get tied to a crippling agreement that an enemy could violate without detection...
Last week in Geneva, U.S. Delegate James J. Wadsworth introduced the modification. This time, the U.S. proposed worldwide ban only on underwater and atmospheric blasts (from ground level up to 31 miles), which are principally responsible for fallout. Exempt from the ban: slight-fallout tests in outer space and underground. The ban would be enforced by eight to ten ground teams strategically located in Russia and by airplane air sampling when necessary. Coupled with this limitation on air and water tests was an invitation to Russia to join the U.S. in renewed underground tests. Object: to determine whether new detection...
...leaves nothing to guesswork. If Moscow really wants to end the peril of fallout (the Moscow test series last October gave North America the heaviest dose of radioactive material ever), it has no excuse for further delay. Meanwhile, as soon as the President lifts the ban on underground and space testing, U.S. planners can get on with sorely needed nuclear development (clean bombs, anti-missile missiles, compact Army and Navy weapons and pure-science experiments) at a time when such strength can be the tranquilizer for Communist-inspired tensions in Germany, the Mideast and Asia...
...stand twice as much Strontium 90 as they previously thought possible, it is nice to know that someone is still thinking about ending nuclear bomb tests. President Eisenhower's note to Khrushchev this week asking for a stoppage of tests in the atmophere thirty miles above the earth--permitting underground tests until a satisfactory inspection system can be set up--suggests that the Administration is more than casually interested in the success of talks on this subject...
...step-by-step basis and thus salvage something from the three-power nuclear ban conference here. The Western powers hope agreement can be reached on the easiest part of the problem first, with attempts in later negotiations to widen the ban so as to include outer space and underground blasts...