Word: underground
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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With that warning signed, Colonel George Grivas, leader of the Greek Cypriot terrorist underground, EOKA, last week ended his truce with the British authorities who rule embattled Cyprus. It came as news to many Britons on the island that there ever had been a "truce." In the previous week one British soldier had been killed and four wounded in a seven-hour gun battle in which they killed four EOKA men holed up in a barn near Famagusta; on the streets of Nicosia, a British airman walking hand-in-hand with his wife was murdered by three EOKA gunmen...
...deep underground explosion sends no air waves, but such explosions, and surface explosions too, send seismic waves through the earth. A station in a quiet place can detect the waves from a one-kiloton explosion as much as 2,200 miles away. The detecting apparatus is accurate enough to pinpoint the explosion within an area of 40-80 sq. mi., less than one-quarter the area of New York City...
Neither Russians nor Americans consider the system infallible. In 20 to 100 cases a year, natural earthquakes might be mistaken for deep underground tests. So they recommended that the international organization running the control system be permitted to go immediately to any suspected area and look for evidence of testing. Human ingenuity might find some way to fool this inspection too. but the experts decided that the risk of exposure would be extremely high...
...Penance Underground. The custom gained added impetus from the preaching of the Franciscan missionaries, who strongly emphasized the sufferings of Christ's passion in their teachings, and permitted the practice of self-scourging as an act of devotion. When the Franciscans were withdrawn at the close of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, and the visits of priests to the villages grew increasingly rare, a group of Catholic laymen called Penitentes gradually emerged. Its members conducted services, taught doctrine, visited the sick and buried the dead-in effect performing all the priestly functions except saying Mass...
...from Cincinnati for New Mexico in 1850, after the U.S. had wrested the territory from Mexico, he was shocked at the gory penances that the Penitentes-also known as the Brothers of the Blood of Christ-exacted of themselves. Finally, he banned the group. But the Penitentes went underground. Their practices gradually softened, and in 1947 the church once again recognized the Hermandad de Nuestro Padre Jesus...