Word: underground
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...meant turning down a program advanced by onetime Civil Defense Administrator Val Peterson, who startled the Administration early this year by announcing that civilian salvation lay in $34 billion-plus worth of heavy, blastproof bomb shelters. Some authorities, like Scientist Edward Teller (TIME, Jan. 21), even envisaged a vast underground network where men could survive for an indefinite time after an attack. Civil Defense Administrator Leo Hoegh (who replaced Peterson last July) has, like the Gaither committee, virtually abandoned the blast-shelter idea in favor of fallout shelters. Reason: radioactive fallout, with all its dangers, can be fought; it comes...
...Tommy White and staff must find time to work out the problems of phasing in the force-soon-to-be. "We must constantly re-evaluate and update our thinking," says White, and he does a first-rate job of re-evaluating and updating his own. In SAC's underground headquarters at Offutt AFB near Omaha, teams of officers are already hatching war plans and weapons requirements for manned aircraft and ballistic missiles for next year and each successive year up to 1961. Out of its complex of laboratories, flight-test centers and missile firing ranges, Air Research and Development...
...with best long-range prospects is brilliant, pro-Western Fritz Erler, 44, a Berlin chemical-firm executive until the Gestapo jailed him in 1939 for underground activity, and now the party's leading expert on defense questions. Erler was in the vanguard of Socialist moderates who led the party out of its postwar "Ohne Mich" (Include Me Out) policy to a more reasonable posture on rearmament, membership in NATO, and Western European cooperation...
...addition, he serves on the AEC's General Advisory Committee and the Air Force's Scientific Advisory Board, carries on his own strenuous public education campaign in media as far afield from pure science as the This Week Sunday supplement. Main topics: the survival value of underground bomb shelters, the need for continued nuclear-weapons tests, and, above all, the urgency of keeping ahead of Russia in science...
...Portuguese voted all 120 hand-picked candidates of Salazar's National Union into the rubber-stamp National Assembly. In Braga the opposition got, the government said, only 5,170 votes to 55,240 for Salazar's men. Its 40 days of "freedom" over, the opposition went back underground, and Salazar, who considers democracy a "hopeless system," went back to work on his plan to fashion Portugal, a loyal member of NATO, into a truly corporative state, unhampered by any elective bodies...