Word: undergrounders
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...liberated Netherlands too there was distress. Citizens were rationed to 1,040 calories of food daily, less than half enough. Schools were closed. Hospitals were critically short of personnel and medicines. To Queen Wilhelmina's Government in London a Dutch underground leader reported: Communism had gained no converts in Holland but old conservative parties were being radicalized. From Dutchmen in Holland, Dutchmen in exile did not know what to expect...
...Front. In the middle '30s Frenchmen called him "the French Stalin." During the period of the Russo-German pact, he had condemned France's "imperialist" war against Nazi Germany. When the Daladier Government outlawed the French Communist Party in September 1939, Thorez deserted from the Army, went underground...
Last week the Allied world heard Nazi plans for going underground, reports of secret training for underground Nazis, secret hideouts in the Black Forest and Bavaria, bold schemes to whisk Belgium's King Leopold, Stalin's son Jacob and other distinguished prisoners of the Germans to Japan by submarine. There they would be held as hostages in case Allied threats to bring Nazi war criminals to trial meant business. Behind these schemes stirred the shadow of the Feme, once more emerging from the twilight...
...leader of Parisian physicists. His arrest in October 1940 while at his post in L'Ecole de Physique was the first break in the Nazi wooing of French scientists. He was imprisoned for two months, but released after protest riots in which several students were killed. The underground helped him to escape from house arrest at Troyes and cross the border. His son-in-law, Jacques Solomon, was among the organizers (all of whom were shot by the Nazis) of the clandestine scientific journal, L'Université Libre...
...organization of 18 laboratories for making explosives and incendiary bottles for resistance units. At least twelve Nazi tanks were destroyed by the bottles. Huge quantities of guncotton were made from cotton received a bale at a time. Radio transmitters and receivers were assembled for the underground despite, in some cases, Nazi occupancy of the same buildings. Joliot continued the publication of L'Université Libre, which reached a fortnightly circulation of a thousand...