Word: united
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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France is usually cited as the glowing exception to the restrictive European pattern. In the early 1980s, the French government launched Minitel -- a small-screen unit with a keyboard that plugs into a normal telephone wall outlet to connect users with a wide variety of information services. Minitel is now a familiar object in many French homes, partly because of its reputation -- deserved -- as a commercial conduit for suppliers of both hard and soft porn. Despite that sleaze factor, Minitel set the standard during the 1980s as the world's first truly practical and inexpensive provider of interactive services...
GESO leaders sent a letter to Yale President Richard Levin informing him of the vote and once again demanding an election. But Yale officials yesterday reiterated their refusal to recognize the graduate students as a bargaining unit...
...answer is 'Have a nice day," said Gary G. Fryer, Yale's director of public affairs. "They know very well we do not recognize them as a bargaining unit, and we have no intention of recognizing them...
Computer crimes are hardly new. In California prosecutors have been pursuing high-tech crime in Silicon Valley for a couple of decades. But the focus and nature of the crimes have changed dramatically. When the Department of Justice set up a computer-crimes unit in September 1991, it was intended to cope primarily with threats to computer security posed by hackers, toll-fraud artists and electronic intruders. But the new crimes, says Jim Thomas, a criminology professor at Northern Illinois University, ``aren't simply the esoteric type they were five years ago.'' They are ``computer crimes,'' he adds, ``only...
...commit wire fraud. That was not a particularly good fit either, but government officials felt they had to charge him with something. ``If the government did not respond when someone gave away a million dollars in software,'' says Scott Charney, who heads the U.S. Justice Department's computer-crimes unit, ``we'd essentially be saying that you can give away software as much as you want.'' Protecting the rights -- in fact the livelihood -- of commercial software makers is only one of many challenges facing authorities as they try to police cyberspace. Tricky legal issues abound, such as the admissibility...