Word: unjust
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Just and Unjust. The two losers in the case came to the court from opposite ends of the country and different ethical viewpoints. Guy P. Gillette, a rock musician from Yonkers, N.Y., was ready to fight for the U.S. in the event of an attack or help in any United Nations peace-keeping mission. But Gillette, now 25, refused induction because, he said, his humanist views forbade him to take part in the "unjust" Viet Nam conflict...
...completing basic training and receiving orders to Viet Nam, by which time he was sure that he could not in good conscience fight there. A devout Roman Catholic, he sought a court-ordered discharge from the Army on the ground that Catholic theology permits a distinction between just and unjust wars. "Each Catholic," he argued, "must form his own conscience in respect to military service...
Gillette and Negre claimed, among other things, that the draft law violates the First Amendment ban against governmental "establishment of religion." It does so, they said, by favoring denominations that preach total pacifism while penalizing others that oppose only unjust wars. Speaking for the court majority, Justice Thurgood Marshall noted that the establishment clause requires that "when government activities touch on the religious sphere, they must be secular in purpose, evenhanded in operation and neutral in primary impact." By exempting objectors to all wars, Marshall held, Congress properly focused on individual consciences, not sectarian affiliations. It also avoided administrative chaos...
Cosell also ripped into the World Boxing Association's handling of the Ali draft controversy of four years ago, calling it "illegal and unjust...
...overturn decisions that have been made in violation of judicial procedure, the CRR's numerous violations of procedure have already made amnesty a necessary first step in restoring fairness to student discipline. And since hundreds of careers and reputations have already been damaged by the CRR's grossly unjust operations, the University should be compelled to make a public apology for the committee's actions. With such an apology, a firm basis for equitable student discipline will have been laid...