Word: upheld
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Amendment to outlaw any discrimination "enforced or supported by state action." The Supreme Court ruled in 1883 that this Amendment does not treat "private affairs," and it is doubtful that the Court would reverse itself. The commerce clause, however, provides sufficient legal grounds and its use will probably be upheld in court...
Time and again, management has tried to impose its changes. Time and again, the union brotherhoods have threatened strikes. U.S. Presidents-including Eisenhower, Kennedy, and now Johnson-have set up boards to study the situation. Twice these boards have generally upheld management. Three times federal courts have upheld the boards' opinion...
...Curb. In 1789 the First Congress, following common law practice, specifically granted federal courts the power "to punish by fine or imprisonment, at the discretion of said courts, all contempts of authority in any cause or hearing before the same." In at least 50 cases, the Supreme Court has upheld this power. Only six years ago, the court held a full review of the issue in Green v. U.S., concluding that "a long and unbroken line of decisions involving contempts ranging from misbehavior in court to disobedience of court orders establishes beyond peradventure that criminal contempts are not subject...
...offenses"-meaning those carrying top penalties of six months in jail and a $500 fine. Criminal contempt is no petty offense. Until recently, however, it was almost never punished by more than petty-level penalties. Now the penalties have grown ever stiffer. For example, the Supreme Court in 1958 upheld three-year sentences for Communists Gilbert Green and Harry Winston, who had jumped bail. In the light of such penalties, has criminal contempt now become triable by jury...
...Advisory Committee on Faculty Personnel met Tuesday to discuss whether the 45-year old assistant professor of philosophy should be awarded tenure on the basis of his merit. Two weeks ago, the same committee upheld by a 4-1 vote the faculty position that Sayre does not have legal tenure. They based their decision on a sliding scale of tenure as outlined in the Faculty Handbook...