Word: upheld
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...that Freeman's lease entitled him to join the club. Instead, the club barred the Negro tenant. When Sullivan protested, the club barred him too. Sullivan was angry enough to join Freeman in fighting the case up to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. They lost: the judges upheld a lower-court ruling that Little Hunting Park was a private club, and was thus free to restrict the pool to whites...
Last week, by a vote of 5 to 3, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed that ruling and upheld the right of both plaintiffs to sue the Little Hunting Park club in a state court. Speaking for the majority, Justice William O. Douglas held that the "private club" was legally no such thing because "no selective element other than race" was the qualification for membership. "What we have here," wrote Douglas, "is a device functionally comparable to a racially restrictive covenant...
Long-Run Loss? The law has just been upheld by a 2-to-1 vote of a panel of three federal judges. Its chief purpose, said the majority, is to "promote the welfare of the people." While it may indirectly benefit sectarian teaching, the state remains neutral toward religion-just as it does in providing parochial schoolchildren with free lunches, a practice already considered legal. Because the Pennsylvania law does not "advance or inhibit religion," said the majority, it satisfies the First Amendment...
Middlesex County Superior Court Justice Robert Sullivan handed down the sentence yesterday morning, one day after a jury had upheld a lower court finding that Offner was guilty of assault and battery for having helped eject Watson from the building...
...prosecution argued at the trial, his threats and gestures amounted to an assault. Moreover, since Nosis knew about Ripple's heart condition, he could have reasonably anticipated that the threats were likely to result in death. Nosis was found guilty, and the Ohio Supreme Court has just upheld that verdict by refusing to review his appeal...