Word: upheld
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...hundreds of conservative nominees on federal benches, a growing number of state supreme court decisions have created a patchwork of liberal exceptions to federal rulings on everything from drug testing to school busing to the public distribution of leaflets. And in an ironic reversal of the states' rights ideology upheld by conservatives during the era of the activist Warren Court, liberals now look to state constitutions as among the best guarantors of their freedoms...
...difficulties for heterosexuals branded with the scarlet letter are similar to those for gays, who are vulnerable to the most frequently invoked sex laws: those prohibiting sodomy. In 1986 the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right of states to ban homosexual sodomy, and since then, gay and civil rights activists have been fighting the increasing number of prosecutions. Nor are sodomy laws exclusively aimed at gays; heterosexual sodomy is deemed an impermissible act in 18 states. "These laws criminalize our private lives and relationships," says Robert Bray of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force...
...Hampshire Supreme Court unanimously upheld a woman's right to sue her doctor for failing to inform her that a case of German measles while she was pregnant put her in grave risk of having a child with serious birth defects. The woman contended that if she had received information from her doctors about the potential for birth defects she would have had an abortion. In a separate concurring opinion Souter raised an issue that the full court did not address...
...speech led him to what is generally considered his most famous decision: New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, which requires public officials to prove "actual malice" in filing libel suits against publishers and broadcasters. Last year Brennan crafted the majority opinion for a 5-to-4 court decision that upheld the constitutional right to burn the American flag as a form of political protest...
Last week the Supreme Court faced these tough questions in its first abortion rulings since the landmark Webster decision last July. In a 5-to-4 vote, the Justices upheld a Minnesota law requiring unwed teenagers to notify both parents before an abortion if the law allows minors to go to a judge instead. In a 6-to-3 vote, the court upheld Ohio's requirement that a physician notify one parent of a pregnant minor of her intent to have an abortion; it also provided for judicial bypass...