Word: upon
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Black Market in Scrolls? The study of the fragments has had a stunning impact upon both Jewish and Christian Biblical scholarship. Not only do they provide a wealth of script samples from different eras to advance the science of paleography by a giant step; they provide a far earlier authority for the text of the Old Testament than had been available. The Old Testament is based on the so-called Masoretic text (from masora, tradition) developed in the 7th, 8th and 9th centuries A.D. by the schools of Babylonia and Palestine. Older than the Masoretic Bible is the Septuagint...
...stamp out, indeed to persecute, those who refuse to recognize the full legitimacy of his office. This program seems to give the appropriate occasion for the crystallization of the Essene sect." Cross finds further evidence for this identification in a Qumran document that quotes Joshua's curse upon Jericho and follows it with a curse on an unnamed man and his sons who fortified a "stronghold of wickedness." Simon, while drunk, and later two of his sons were assassinated at Jericho on an inspection tour of its fortifications...
When is sterilization socially and morally justified to prevent the transmission of feeblemindedness or other handicaps to offspring? No answer is universally agreed upon, because medical geneticists do not know with certainty what defects can be passed on from generation to generation. There is even doubt, in many cases, whether the children of mentally defective parents are themselves mentally defective because of the unfavorable background of their early life or because of defective genes. In the U.S. 28 states have laws permitting sterilization for the mentally ill or defective confined in institutions. In Scandinavia the situation is notably different. Denmark...
Actually, the University of Michigan is only one of several campuses that have taken the plunge. Last month Dartmouth announced that it would revamp its curriculum to make students rely more than ever before upon their own reading (TIME, March 25). A few days later, Amherst answered that it would try out an experimental reading course "designed to permit upperclassmen to read widely in a special field of interest, with no supervision." Last year Marquette started an "optional class privilege" (i.e., unlimited cuts) program for top students, and this year Williams began putting its better boys in special small seminars...
...University of Chicago gives especially promising students a "tutorial" year, allows them to settle upon one field and to choose courses and "planned leisure" activities related to it. To get an A.B., students must pass stiff written and oral exams and write a "Bachelor's essay." In 1954 when the program began, only one student tried it (his special interest: a comparative theology study of Tillich and Maritain). Today there are ten. ¶ Last fall Iowa's Grinnell College started "four-three" program to permit certain students to earn a fourth credit for extra independent work done...