Word: uppers
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...taken the first, cautious step toward political liberalization last June with the proclamation of a new constitution. The document provided for elections within 240 days, but it also safeguarded the Thanom government by stipulating that no-confidence motions could only come from a majority of members of the upper and lower houses. Such a negative vote would be unlikely, to say the least, since the upper house is entirely appointed by the regime. Said Opposition Leader Seni Pramoj, an articulate and outspoken lawyer who was Premier in 1945-46: "The constitution of 1968 almost achieves immortality for the Thai government...
...source of the trouble was the upper surface of the conventional wing, which has a convex curve to provide lift.* When the plane reaches about 80% of the speed of sound, however, the velocity of the air flowing over the upper side of the wing reaches the sonic barrier. A shock wave forms about half way back from the wing's leading edge, disturbing the airflow and increasing drag-the resistance of air to the plane's passage...
...efforts to reduce turbulence, Whitcomb finally hit upon the design for what NASA now calls the "supercritical wing." To reduce the peak airflow speed and move the shock wave farther back on the wing, he drastically flattened the curvature of the upper wing surface. To compensate for the loss of lift that resulted, he increased the curvature near the wing's trailing edge and put a concave contour on the underside. "Some people think that I merely turned the wing upside down," Whitcomb says...
Reduced Drag. Wind-tunnel data revealed that when the airflow reached sonic and supersonic velocities along the redesigned upper surface, only a modest shock wave was generated near the trailing edge of the wing. There was negligible turbulence. Although the changes did not affect lift, drag was reduced by as much...
Singer's wide-ranging theories and proposals have been conceived and assembled during an unusually varied career. The 44-year-old bachelor has taught physics at Princeton, designed mines for the Navy and conducted upper-atmosphere research at Johns Hopkins. He has been a scientific liaison officer in the U.S. embassy in London, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a researcher in planetary atmospheres at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. He served as director of the National Weather Satellite Center of the U.S. Weather Bureau, and before taking his present post...