Word: upstreams
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...sports fishermen watched in horror, a 10-mile lime green plume of death drifted slowly down the river, wiping out most of the ecosystem -- aquatic plants, nymphs, caddis flies, mayflies and at least 100,000 trout. Even more alarming to Californians was that the spill occurred 27 miles upstream of Lake Shasta, the state's largest man-made reservoir...
...Cree village on the Canadian island of Fort George never had many full- time residents: most of the 1,000 inhabitants were subsistence hunters and trappers who would spend months in the bush. But today the place is a virtual ghost town. Following the construction of huge hydroelectric dams upstream, almost all the villagers were relocated because of fears that torrents of water would erode their island, which lies at a vulnerable spot where the La Grande River meets James Bay in Quebec province...
...nearby Chisasibi now have electricity, running water and ties to the outside world, but they have lost their traditional way of life. Many ancestral hunting lands are underwater, and the natives can no longer eat local fish because of mercury contamination stemming from the creation of a reservoir upstream. Crammed together and often idle, they suffer from soaring rates of alcoholism, suicide, vandalism and family violence. About 30% of them have high levels of mercury in their bodies. "When we were on the island, we had less," says Larry House, a community leader, "but we were happy...
...Manu is also one of the few places on earth where visitors can see giant river otters. The aggressive 70-lb. mammals make their home on lakes upstream from the lodge. Viewed from the vantage point of a dugout canoe, one otter family offered an idyllic vision of life in the wild, frolicking from one side of the lake to the other, while pausing occasionally to feast on abundant fish...
Virtually unchallenged by natural predators, billions of zebra-mussel larvae left their initial colonies in Lake St. Clair and Lake Erie and drifted into Lake Ontario. By attaching themselves to boats, some adventuresome mussels even managed to move upstream into Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. Similar outriders are expected to start showing up in smaller lakes and major rivers such as the Mississippi, the Susquehanna and the Hudson. "Within 20 years," predicts Margaret Dochoda, a biologist with the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, "the zebra mussel will likely have taken the entire East Coast...