Word: upstreams
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...kill young striped bass and other fish. Encroaching urbanization, flooding, and conversion of marshes to farmland have destroyed 90% of the state's wetlands, most of which were linked to the estuary. As freshwater is diverted into canals, the zone where freshwater and salt water meet has moved upstream, starving young staghorn sculpin that in turn were food for blue herons and snowy egrets. Roughly 90% of the state's commercial Chinook salmon catch depends on the estuary, but more than half the salmon swimming up the Sacramento River to lay eggs are blocked by the Red Bluff Diversion...
...quest at times seems impossibly romantic, restorationists display a refreshing pragmatism. Rather than demanding that all hydroelectric dams be dynamited, river restorationists insist that power generators install fish ladders and adjust water flows to help salmon and trout reach upstream spawning grounds. Al Steuter, manager of the Nature Conservancy's 20,800- hectare (51,400-acre) Niobrara Valley Preserve in Nebraska, hopes to demonstrate how ranchers can run cattle on restored prairies without destroying them. After all, he asks, "what's the point of restoration if we have to station guards to protect the landscape...
...sports fishermen watched in horror, a 10-mile lime green plume of death drifted slowly down the river, wiping out most of the ecosystem -- aquatic plants, nymphs, caddis flies, mayflies and at least 100,000 trout. Even more alarming to Californians was that the spill occurred 27 miles upstream of Lake Shasta, the state's largest man-made reservoir...
...Cree village on the Canadian island of Fort George never had many full- time residents: most of the 1,000 inhabitants were subsistence hunters and trappers who would spend months in the bush. But today the place is a virtual ghost town. Following the construction of huge hydroelectric dams upstream, almost all the villagers were relocated because of fears that torrents of water would erode their island, which lies at a vulnerable spot where the La Grande River meets James Bay in Quebec province...
...nearby Chisasibi now have electricity, running water and ties to the outside world, but they have lost their traditional way of life. Many ancestral hunting lands are underwater, and the natives can no longer eat local fish because of mercury contamination stemming from the creation of a reservoir upstream. Crammed together and often idle, they suffer from soaring rates of alcoholism, suicide, vandalism and family violence. About 30% of them have high levels of mercury in their bodies. "When we were on the island, we had less," says Larry House, a community leader, "but we were happy...