Word: urbane
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...organization of the compulsory sterilization campaign. He turned India's Family Planning program into what was virtually a mass castration crusade. The government not only used a wide variety of economic incentives and disincentives to encourage sterilization, but also crude, strongarm tactics. These tactics alienated the teeming peasantry and urban poor who once supported Gandhi. The Youth Congress carried out sterilization and the companion slum clearance program with excessive brutality among the Muslims in Delhi, who saw the drive as an oppressive religious assault by the Hindus. Both the poor farmer and the menial city laborer viewed the aggressiveness...
...that it was the arbitrary use of authority, as in the sterilization program, which ultimately led to Gandhi's defeat. Measures which suspended habeas corpus and gave the police sweeping powers touched city and countryside alike. Dislike of Gandhi, her son and her programs narrowed the gap between the urban and rural poor. As the biographer of Jayaprakash Narayan, the moral leader of the opposition to Gandhi, has written, "A good many villagers simply agreed with the farmer who said 'Just because a man is poor and maybe cannot read it does not mean that he cares nothing...
...voting behavior between city and village. All the seats from Delhi went to the opposition, just as they did in the surrounding rural states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Because most of the excesses of the emergency had occurred in the North, a North-South split replaced the Urban-Rural gap. The Congress won only four seats out of 244 from the eight northern states which comprise the main Hindi-speaking belt. In the four southern states though, the Janata party won only three out of 130 seats...
...Secretary of Labor (John Dunlop) and Secretary of Defense (James Schlesinger). He also has named New York City Human Rights Commissioner Eleanor Holmes Norton to head the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, though Meany & Co. had expressed a clear preference for Ronald Brown, head of the Washington office of the Urban League. Last week Carter belatedly did throw labor about its only sop on appointments: he chose John Fanning, a union favorite, to be chairman of the National Labor Relations Board...
...novel's relentless japery is almost sufficient to drown out some bleak thoughts on the state of the urban world. Seen through Wren's eyes, New York City is a ruin in which civility and beauty are relentlessly stamped out. "I suspected that the entire block," he notes, "chosen because it was handsome, had been condemned for demolition and cleared of tenants." Noting that automated garages are replacing the older type, thus putting "churlish" attendants out of work, Wren comments: "One more bit of the inhumane is replaced by the non-human." The author strikes this mordant note...