Word: urbane
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...column headlined LET'S GO, SOUTH BRONX! Robbins warned Watson to avoid endless consultations with city officials and urban planners. "In New York," Robbins cautioned, "the process is often the product." He then offered suggestions for turning the South Bronx into "one of the best residential and industrial locations in New York City." Items...
...face guerrilla pressure, although its armed forces could easily cope with the early stages of subversion. But an all-out military threat to South Africa could also bring a threat of Soviet involvement?and a dilemma for the West. Having found their voice at last, the unfranchised blacks of urban South Africa cannot be expected to turn silent again as long as they have legitimate grievances. And their demands are bound to increase. Political and economic concessions by a Nationalist government will probably be too little and too late to satisfy these rising ambitions...
...unanswered question is how long the regulatory machinery of government, which many white South Africans fear is turning their country into a police state, can control unrest. In June 1976, student-inspired riots broke out in the sprawling black suburb of Soweto, outside Johannesburg; urban black unrest has continued sporadically across the country ever since, taking more than 600 lives. Two months ago, a young black leader, Stephen Biko, 30, died mysteriously in prison. An inquest is still pending, but there is widespread suspicion that prison beating contributed to his death. The Biko case produced further disorder...
Further liberalization of the segregation laws is promised, although the concessions, as always, will come too late to satisfy rising black aspirations. Last month urban blacks were authorized to hold 42 more kinds of jobs than before?including those of auctioneer, druggist, chiropractor and boardinghouse keeper. Officially, pay scales for black and white workers are the same; in practice, blacks earn far less than whites who hold the same jobs. A fortnight ago the government announced its intention to modify slightly the hated pass laws; henceforth blacks will be allowed to carry "travel documents" rather than the present identity books...
...elaborate plan to establish nine "independent" black homelands within South Africa. Eventually, all South African blacks will be given citizenship in one of these homelands, even though about half of the black population live permanently in "white" South Africa. Of these, hundreds of thousands were born in the urban townships and have rarely if ever visited, or wanted to visit, their theoretical homelands. The urban black population in South Africa is estimated at 9 million...