Word: urbanism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Turning their backs on the snows of Iowa and New Hampshire, Minnesota and South Dakota, candidates were whistling Dixie last week, jostling for advantage on the presidential campaign's biggest battleground. Dukakis, who easily won the Minnesota Democratic caucuses with 34% of the vote, concentrated on the South's urban areas and ethnic voters. Native Son Gore, who ignored Iowa and ran poorly in other Northern contests, finds himself playing catch-up with the better-known contenders. Richard Gephardt won big in the South Dakota primary (with 44% of the Democratic vote), but he trails the others in recent Southern...
...sprawling township of Soweto, outside Johannesburg, angry young radicals trashed many black businesses, along with government-owned liquor stores and beer halls, as symbols of white oppression. At that time they could find relatively few such targets, since the law impeded black ownership of homes and businesses in urban areas. Only gradually were free enterprise and limited schemes for home ownership extended to the townships on the basis of 99-year leases. In April 1986 the government scrapped the hated pass laws, which required blacks to carry documents stating where they could live and work. That tended to give blacks...
...result has been an extraordinary construction boom, bolstered by urban black improvement schemes that were developed, often under international pressure, by local and foreign South African business organizations. Even before the lifting of residence and property restrictions, blacks were beginning to enjoy better wages, job opportunities and employment benefits. Expanded credit to township homeowners and developers, totaling some $30 million a month, has helped catapult large numbers of blacks from low-income to middle-income and even luxury housing. A Cape Town conference attended by government officials and political leaders two weeks ago held out the promise of even greater...
...found in the following pages. , Seven TIME correspondents, combing the tax code and federal programs from agriculture to welfare, searched for new revenues and spending cuts that would be feasible and fair. Among the many experts they consulted, several were especially helpful: Rudolph Penner, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute and former director of the Congressional Budget Office; Joshua Epstein, senior fellow in foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution; Robert Greenstein, executive director of the Center on Budget Policy and Priorities; and his colleague Gordon Adams, director of the center's Defense Budget Project...
...Elementary School, Ruth Martin's fifth-graders write cloud-inspired haiku and use star charts to find constellations. The program seems to work as well in cities as in suburbia: Martin describes an eight- year-old "barely able to contain his excitement" at having spotted Jupiter above the urban skyline with his naked...