Word: urbanize
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...perhaps no one needs to. "It would be tragic to get caught up in a 'Who speaks for the black community?' trap," says Boston City Councilman Thomas Atkins, a Negro. "There is no spokesman for the white community. Why should there be for the black?" Adds National Urban League Director Whitney Young: "I am not looking today for a black leader to replace Dr. King. I am looking for an American leader who will lead us all to justice...
...Kilson, himself a Negro, calls "almost a concordat," such militants as LeRoi Jones and Willie Wright walked the streets of Newark to urge calm after King's murder. A few weeks before King's death, city hall and the Negro community agreed to a compromise in the urban-renewal dispute that helped spark last summer's uprising. City hall's price: the militants' promise to help preserve order. This new realism-on both sides-is seen by Kilson as the next phase of the civil rights movement, analogous to the compromises that other ethnic groups...
Psychological Effect. Though city rioting caused many Democrats with urban constituencies to bridle, Administration forces commanded by Speaker John McCormack brought them into line. Abandoning his rostrum to speak from the floor, McCormack rasped: "We are talking about human dignity!" When the votes were tallied six days after King's death, the bill passed...
...measure contained other titles-two antiriot clauses and language safeguarding the constitutional rights of American Indians-but its crucial provision was for open housing, which will eventually help turn the lock to release Negroes from their imprisoning urban ghettos. Like other recent civil rights bills, the 1968 act carries the danger of promising too much and delivering too little, and reaction among Negro leaders was mixed. CORE's associate director Roy Innis sneered: "This is a hoax on the black people." Replied the N.A.A.C.P.'s Clarence Mitchell, who lobbied for the bill: "Anyone making such statements either...
...measure does nothing-directly -to conquer prejudice or poverty. Moreover, enforcement may prove forbiddingly difficult since a Negro who is refused housing because of his race must first appeal to the Department of Housing and Urban Development, then file suit in the courts. Yet the psychological effect of the act upon developers, homeowners and Negroes alike will open many doors. For the first time by federal law, a Negro in the U.S. is as entitled as any white-or more accurately, four-fifths as entitled-to buy or rent any house or apartment that he can afford...