Word: urbanize
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...students, many of them migrants from the rural South, were taught the achievements of their own race and of other minorities. Not only were they told how to conduct themselves in a job interview, a basic lesson other such courses sometimes overlooked; they were also instructed in the basic urban skills-shopping wisely, handling money, attending to personal hygiene and grooming...
...primary work of the Joint Center is a broad series of studies in urban history and problems--ranging from a study of Moslem cities in the Middle Ages to a recent symposium on "Public Library Functions in a Changing Metropolis." While these studies are generally of a non-controversial nature, a few of them turn out not to be. The Federal Bulldozer, Martin Anderson's vehement critique of the urban renewal program, outraged bureaucrats all over the nation, Many of those affiliated with the Center admit privately that they "got a little burned on that one" and suggest that more...
Bureaucratic inertia and sensitivity to criticism have so far been more troublesome than political entanglements. The Center has contracted to evaluate several urban programs run by government agencies and non-profit groups. To their chagrin, the Center's researchers are finding, as one put it, that "while academics may thrive on criticism, bureaucrats don't." When one of the Center's reports criticized a Roxbury agency for not reaching the low-income population that it was supposed to serve, the agency and the Federal officials who were financing it immediately denounced the Joint Center...
...fact into a declaration of purpose." "You tell them that poor people aren't getting any of their housing," he says, and their tell you that you are against housing for the poor." In spite of these difficulties, Moynihan and most of his staff believe that evaluation or urban programs is a useful activity for the Joint Center to undertake. Moynihan claims that the Center now tries to make sure, before signing any contracts, that their clients sincerely desire objective criticism. With these safeguards, Moynihan looks forward to expanding the Center's activities in the field of evaluation...
Greater activism by the Joint Center is not only needed but also wanted in the community, Moynihan continued. Boston and Cambridge officials do not always seem eager for such assistance. When a non-profit group of academic planners who call themselves Urban Planning Aid (UPA) recently helped a Roxbury neighborhood facing renewal to win concessions from the Boston Redevelopment Authority, the BRA's director, Edward J. Logue, denounced UPA as a group of "tinker toy boys" using the renewal program as "an academic exercise." UPA, as it happens, includes two members of the Joint Center and has its offices...