Word: uses
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Patman's probe focused on that mystique-shrouded feature of Swiss banking, the anonymous numbered account. Robert M. Morgenthau, U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York, testified that such accounts have become increasingly popular with Americans. Some who use them are underworld hoodlums, but many more are otherwise ordinary businessmen who play the Swiss numbers game to cheat Washington out of "tax revenues in the many millions of dollars." The various ways in which such accounts are used to avoid income taxes, said Morgenthau, "are almost as numerous as the ways of earning money" (see box next...
...Responsibility. Numbered accounts are particularly handy for circumventing U.S. securities laws. To get around the restrictions on trading by "insiders," for example, corporate officers sometimes buy or sell stock in their own companies through Swiss banks. Other U.S. investors use the banks to sidestep margin requirements. The Government estimates that all foreign banks -in Panama, Nassau and West Germany as well as in Switzerland-account for at least 8% of the transactions on the New York Stock Exchange. In singling out Switzerland, U.S. officials seemed most disturbed about their lack of precise knowledge about all that may be going...
...STOCK TRADING: Many U.S. investors use secret accounts to play the stock market, cabling or mailing instructions to their Swiss banks to buy and sell securities through brokerage houses in New York. Another trick is to phone a New York broker designated by a Swiss bank and use a code name to place an order. The broker executes the order for the account of the Swiss bank and winds up with no record of the real buyer's identity. Since foreign banks are not taxed at all on trading profits-and at a maximum rate of only...
...IMPORT-EXPORT: Some U.S. importers minimize the taxes they pay on profits. Every time they buy foreign goods, they use special arrangements to pay excessively high prices. They thus deflate their recorded profits and tax obligations. Meanwhile, the foreign sellers kick back part of the bloated purchase price into the Americans' Swiss bank accounts...
...REAL ESTATE: To avoid paying income taxes, some American real estate owners hold large sums of cash in numbered Swiss accounts. How can they ever use the money? They have the Swiss bank arrange to "buy" some of their properties with money from their own anonymous accounts. In that way, the money is repatriated to the U.S. One real estate man, for example, "sold" a piece of property for nearly $1,000,000 but did not have to pay taxes on the deal since the property had cost no more than that when he purchased it. There was a further...