Word: utopians
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...work arose and later broke from a utopian tradition in Soviet science fiction whose ancestry dates back to the industrial revolution's impact on nineteenth-century thought. Chernyshevsky's 1862 novel What is to Be Done?, an idealistic apothesis of reason, and its immediate rebuke by Dostoevsky in Notes From Underground, a defense of irrationality, are perhaps the progenitors of the utopian/anti-utopian debate. Since then, utopian literature has focused primarily on the issues of technology and political ideology...
...departing from this tradition, Stanislaw Lem shifted his focus from society to the individual. He considers his early utopian novels too optimistic and naive, and in his mature works he is interested in the subjective view of the individual as he tries to cope with a reality he cannot understand. And although his novels are often set in futuristic or chimerical landscapes, Lem's characters are in essence real-life men facing problems familiar to every reader...
...indignant eye across the English Channel at the French Revolution and wrote sarcastically: "Amidst assassination, massacre and confiscation, they are forming plans for the good order of future society." Burke was the prototype of skepticism about certain revolutions. Since the French Terror, history has paraded past too many Utopian dramas of transformation that ended by being as totalitarian, as murderous, as the regimes that they swept away-triumphs of hopeful zealotry over experience. Stalin turned the Russian Revolution into a self-devouring machine that crushed its own in the basement of the Lubyanka. Especially because of the Soviet redemptive passion...
...seeking that balance, the bishops rapped both capitalism ("It has made the distance between rich and poor even greater by placing capital before work") and Marxist strategies (They "have sacrificed many Christian values and have fallen into unrealistic and Utopian notions"). The bishops condemned the "national security" ideologies that undergird most of Latin America's military regimes for leading "to the abuse of power and violation of human rights," but they also denounced leftist terrorism. Echoing the Pope's address, the document cautions priests to "divest themselves of all political ideology." But it does advocate Christian action. Said...
...party in America. This failed, and in 1940 Johnson entered architecture school. He had backed into the profession as a critic, but in the process he had helped bring Mies van der Rohe to America and fought bravely to shift avant-garde taste in the direction of the same Utopian machine culture he would delight in poking fun at 40 years later. During his long association with the International Style, he built some of its canonical late buildings, notably his own glass house on his estate at New Canaan (1959) and, with Mies, Manhattan's Seagram Building (1958), which...