Word: uzbekistan
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Northern Alliance's charismatic leader, Ahmed Shah Massoud, had just been assassinated. The question wasn't whether the U.S. could buy the loyalty of the rebels but whether they would stay bought. It wasn't certain that U.S. troops would be allowed to stage in nearby Tajikistan and Uzbekistan--or whether the Russians would stand for it. To some Pentagon hard-liners, the uncertainty in the country made a more traditional ground force more appealing...
...council, Bush began the way he always does, by calling members into account on previous promises. It was Tommy Franks' turn to be on the spot. The Centcom chief had promised several days earlier that by now special forces would have made it into Afghanistan from Uzbekistan, providing the crucial targeting information necessary to wipe out the Taliban's frontline positions. "Has it happened?" Bush asked. Franks did not have the right answer. The weather had been poor, and the U.S. spotters were stranded on the ground in Uzbekistan. The State Department was having difficulty getting permission to use Uzbek...
...killed in a mid-November air strike. Two other high-ranking al-Qaeda lieutenants, Egyptians Fahmi Nasr (also known as Mohammed Salah) and Tariq Anwar, senior leaders of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, have also been marked KIA. The top commander of an al-Qaeda ally, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, has reportedly been eliminated as well. But in some ways, Pentagon officials are even more eager to interrogate those taken alive. Defense Department officers have heard that Taliban intelligence chief Qari Ahmadullah is either in Northern Alliance custody or negotiating to surrender to rebel forces in Kandahar. Taliban sources claim...
...bitter irony, thousands of tons of food, clothes and medicine are stockpiled about 100 miles away, across the border in Uzbekistan. But that country's bureaucracy, which fears an influx of refugees and Islamic radicals, has managed to keep all but a few hundred tons from moving into Afghanistan. Aid that did get across, either from Uzbekistan or from Turkmenistan to the west, had to go through a gauntlet before it helped those who needed it most. Agencies have to pay a "tax" to a military commander around every mountain pass. Pilfering is rife; Alliance soldiers and local aid workers...
Many other arms stretched the same way: Indian, Persian, Arab, Mongol, Turkish, Chinese. There were also lesser-known tribal groups, like the Kushans, a Central Asian nomadic lot who around the start of the Christian era controlled northern India, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, using the Kabul region as a summer vacation spot. For all their power, the Kushans handled cultural and religious diversity better than those who have ruled Afghanistan in recent decades. Cambon says they showed "an extreme tolerance and true eclecticism if we bear in mind the diverse origins of the divinities that appear on the reverse...