Word: vaccinees
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But a recent strategy, shown effective for the first time at NIAID, may be able to thwart this evasive action. Known as "prime-boost," it gives the immune system a whiff of the virus' scent before hitting it with the actual vaccine. In Nabel's lab, that whiff consists of...
That much was known decades ago; what drives vaccine researchers today is the effort to understand and manipulate this highly tuned system. The acquired immune response, for example, actually comes in two parts. The first involves antibodies, the molecules produced to match, like a key fitting into a lock, the...
One way that can happen is if a bacterial or viral illness gets out of control before the immune system can respond. That's where vaccines come in. "What a vaccine does," says Nabel, "is alert these specialized cells that an incoming agent could be a problem, and allow the...
It's too early to know whether this strategy will work against HIV, but it is already working against another deadly virus. Ebola, though it has claimed far fewer victims than HIV, has enormous potential for devastation. There is no cure or vaccine for it--but in a recent trial...
A patient-ready AIDS vaccine may not be available for human trials for another decade, but once it is, Nabel and others plan to use every trick they have learned to boost its effectiveness. They may, for example, mix cytokines with the vaccine, counting on these chemicals to rally extra...