Word: vaccinees
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ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL PUBlic-health programs ever conducted, without doubt, was the U.S. campaign against polio in the 1950s and '60s. In less than a decade, the withering scourge that had at one point struck nearly 60,000 children a year was all but eradicated from American shores...
The panel faced a difficult dilemma. For 30 years, doctors have had a choice between two competing polio vaccines. The first, pioneered by Salk, is made from viruses that have been inactivated or "killed." It protects those who are vaccinated but does not stop them from harboring live viruses in...
By contrast, the second preparation, which was championed by Sabin, is made from weakened--yet not entirely docile--strains of the polio virus. It provokes a more powerful immune response. If it doesn't give the recipient polio (and in 99.99996% of cases it does not), it not only protects...
It was the Sabin vaccine, however, that actually eliminated polio epidemics in America. Today, of the 20 million doses of polio vaccine on the market, less than 500,000 are prepared from "killed'' viruses. In fact, there have been no home-grown cases of naturally occurring polio in the U.S...
When a new epidemic emerged in the 1980s, AIDS, Salk plunged into the effort to find a vaccine that would prevent people who are already infected with HIV from progressing to the full-blown disease. Though many scientists remain skeptical of Salk's approach, small-scale tests are under way...