Word: vaccinees
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So when do researchers expect an AIDS vaccine to be developed? Hirsch's call is positively within 20 years. "I think you'll find a whole range [of predictions] from people who say we'll never have a vaccine effective against AIDS to those who say we'll have one...
"So in this case you have to do an awful lot of research on how the virus works and how it infects the host to really build the groundwork for trying to make an effective vaccine," says Fields.
After studying the problem, Jenner eventually developed a relatively safe and effective method for "vaccination," from the Latin root of vacca, for cow. Breaking open swollen blisters from the milkmaids' hands, Jenner produced a primitive vaccine and injected it into the arms of his patients.
It worked in 1796. And less than two hundred years after Jenner's first vaccine, doctors can claim to have completely wiped out smallpox infections.
But how did scientists get there? What properties of the body's immune system allow such careful engineering to work? And what goes into making a vaccine?