Word: val
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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REPORTER-RESEARCHERS: Rosemary Byrnes, Ursula Nadasdy de Gallo, Brigid O'Hara-Forster, Jeanne-Marie North (Department Heads); Audrey Ball, Bernard Baumohl, Val Castronovo, Nancy McD. Chase, Oscar Chiang, Georgia Harbison, Michael P. Harris, Anne Hopkins, Katherine Mihok, Adrianne Jucius Navon, Nancy Newman, Susan M. Reed, Elizabeth Rudulph, Alain L. Sanders, Zona Sparks, William Tynan, Sidney Urquhart, Jane Van Tassel, Susanne Washburn (Senior Staff); David Bjerklie, Elizabeth L. Bland, Kathleen Brady, Barbara Burke, Wendy Cole, Tom Curry, Nelida Gonzalez Cutler, Sally B. Donnelly, Andrea Dorfman, David Ellis, Kathryn Jackson Fallon, Mary McC. Fernandez, Cassie T. Furgurson, John E. Gallagher, Lois Gilman...
REPORTER-RESEARCHERS: Rosemary Byrnes, Ursula Nadasdy de Gallo, Brigid O'Hara-Forster, Jeanne-Marie North (Department Heads); Audrey Ball, Bernard Baumohl, Val Castronovo, Nancy McD. Chase, Oscar Chiang, Georgia Harbison, Michael P. Harris, Anne Hopkins, Katherine Mihok, Adrianne Jucius Navon, Nancy Newman, Susan M. Reed, Elizabeth Rudulph, Alain L. Sanders, Zona Sparks, William Tynan, Sidney Urquhart, Jane Van Tassel, Susanne Washburn (Senior Staff); David Bjerklie, Elizabeth L. Bland, Kathleen Brady, Barbara Burke, Wendy Cole, Tom Curry, Nelida Gonzalez Cutler, Sally B. Donnelly, Andrea Dorfman, David Ellis, Kathryn Jackson Fallon, Mary McC. Fernandez, Cassie T. Furgurson, John E. Gallagher, Lois Gilman...
REPORTER- RESEARCHERS: Rosemary Byrnes, Ursula Nadasdy de Gallo, Brigid O' Hara- Forster, Jeanne- Marie North (Department Heads); Audrey Ball, Bernard Baumohl, Val Castronovo, Nancy McD. Chase, Oscar Chiang, Georgia Harbison, Michael P. Harris, Anne Hopkins, Katherine Mihok, Adrianne Jucius Navon, Nancy Newman, Susan M. Reed, Elizabeth Rudulph, Alain L. Sanders, Zona Sparks, William Tynan, Sidney Urquhart, Jane Van Tassel, Susanne Washburn (Senior Staff); David Bjerklie, Elizabeth L. Bland, Kathleen Brady, Barbara Burke, Wendy Cole, Tom Curry, Nelida Gonzalez Cutler, Sally B. Donnelly, Andrea Dorfman, David Ellis, Kathryn Jackson Fallon, Mary McC. Fernandez, Cassie T. Furgurson, John E. Gallagher, Lois Gilman...
...Soviet environmental disaster has been a long time in the making. Beginning in the days of Stalin, ecological concerns were shunted aside in the rush toward industrialization. Valovaya produktsiya, a phrase that translates into "gross output" and is abbreviated as val, was at the heart of the problem. Industry bureaucrats have long been evaluated -- and rewarded -- only in terms of gross output. Rivers were fouled and forests stripped in the rush to transform raw materials into material wealth. No premium was placed on efficiency, and no environmental concerns restrained val. Trucks in Siberia, for example, are still left running every...
REPORTER- RESEARCHERS: Rosemary Byrnes, Ursula Nadasdy de Gallo, Brigid O' Hara- Forster, Jeanne- Marie North (Department Heads); Audrey Ball, Bernard Baumohl, Val Castronovo, Nancy McD. Chase, Oscar Chiang, Georgia Harbison, Michael P. Harris, Anne Hopkins, Naushad S. Mehta, Katherine Mihok, Adrianne Jucius Navon, Nancy Newman, Susan M. Reed, Elizabeth Rudulph, Alain L. Sanders, Zona Sparks, William Tynan, Sidney Urquhart, Jane Van Tassel, Susanne Washburn (Senior Staff); David Bjerklie, Elizabeth L. Bland, Kathleen Brady, Barbara Burke, Wendy Cole, Tom Curry, Nelida Gonzalez Cutler, Sally B. Donnelly, Andrea Dorfman, David Ellis, Kathryn Jackson Fallon, Mary McC. Fernandez, Cassie T. Furgurson, John...