Word: validation
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...take the hallucinogenic drug peyote as a religious practice. Justice Antonin Scalia, writing for the majority, said that the First Amendment freedom of religion did not allow individuals to break the law: "We have never held that an individual's religious beliefs excuse him from compliance with an otherwise valid law prohibiting conduct that the state is free to regulate." Native American groups were quick to protest the ruling, saying that use of peyote in religious ceremonies predated the Constitution...
Unfortunately, the staff's proposal does not live up to this goal. The proposed joint student-faculty committee would employ two criteria in assigning performance space: potential to draw crowds and "artistic merit." The first of these is valid--in fact, it is the only fair criterion. The second smacks of subjectivity and paternalism...
...either failed to realize or just ignored that the arguments for divestment made in 1986 are just as valid in 1990. The divestment movement has used the 1986 report as an intellectual basis for its ongoing activism...
...German case, concern is based on the assumption that aggression and fascism are in some way the result of genetic defects that particularly afflict Germans. If not in the genes, another line of thinking holds, perhaps the evil is rooted in national character. Neither notion is scientifically valid. "You can't talk about something genetically wrong with the German people," says Moshe Zimmerman, professor of German history at Jerusalem's Hebrew University. "All the characteristics attributed to Germans may be found in Swiss, Americans and others." Defining national character is risky business and leads to stereotyping; though countries do have...
Today as in 1960, when the program was established, Social Studies accomplishes something different from, and as valid as, what regular departments do. Stanley Hoffman Dillon Professor of the Civilization of France