Word: validator
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...carried a birth certificate as proof of citizenship, a landing card and a customs declaration. He had no passport. Following a brief interrogation by immigration officers he was admitted to the U.S. But the next April a Florida grand jury indicted him for entry into the U.S. without a valid passport, allegedly a violation of the McCarran Act of 1952. On August 8 of the same year Worthy was found guilty and sentenced to three months imprisonment and nine months probation...
...Cuba . . . would be inimical to the national interest." He claimed the power to do this under the McCarran Act, which says in part, "After such proclamation [of a national emergency by the President] . . . it shall be unlawful for any citizen to depart from or enter the U.S. without a valid passport." Worthy has appealed his case which will be heard again this year in a federal circuit court. Doubtlessly there will be more people who seek to test the legality of a limit on the travel of Americans in peace time...
Louis Zemel, for example, has already challenged the ban without leaving his Connecticut home. Zemel, who already has a valid passport, applied to the State Department for permission to travel to Cuba. He cited his reason for going as self edification--a desire to inform himself first-hand of conditions in Cuba. In April, 1962, the State Department summarily rejected the application and subsequently turned down his request for a hearing. Citizen Zemel then sued the government for the right to travel freely to Cuba, naming Secretary Rusk and Attorney General Robert Kennedy as defendants...
...future travel-ban abusers. The students' defense will take a line similar to the one that Zemel will use. But there is an additional issue involved here. While Zemel never left the United States and Worthy was not carrying a passport, the fifty-nine students were all armed with valid U.S. passports. Can the government hold that the sojourn of an American on Cuban soil invalidates an otherwise valid passport...
With 16 per cent of the 31,829 valid votes, Councillor Sullivan led the ballot for the second time. In 1961, running for his first term, he drew 14 per cent of a slightly larger vote...