Word: valovaya
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...Soviet environmental disaster has been a long time in the making. Beginning in the days of Stalin, ecological concerns were shunted aside in the rush toward industrialization. Valovaya produktsiya, a phrase that translates into "gross output" and is abbreviated as val, was at the heart of the problem. Industry bureaucrats have long been evaluated -- and rewarded -- only in terms of gross output. Rivers were fouled and forests stripped in the rush to transform raw materials into material wealth. No premium was placed on efficiency, and no environmental concerns restrained val. Trucks in Siberia, for example, are still left running every...
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